Nuh Peygamber, tufandan sonra hayvanlar\u0131 ile A\u011fr\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 eteklerinde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flar. Kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmak \u00fczere civarda dola\u015fan hayvanlardan ke\u00e7inin bir g\u00fcn ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ne\u015feli d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu hal g\u00fcnlerce devam edince Nuh Peygamber ke\u00e7isinin pe\u015finden giderek, bu durumun yedi\u011fi bir meyveden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffeder. Kendisi de bu meyveyi \u00e7ok be\u011fenir ve hayat\u0131 pespembe g\u00f6steren \u00fcz\u00fcm suyunun m\u00fcptelas\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nuh Peygamberi mutlu g\u00f6ren \u015feytan, onun ne\u015fesini k\u0131skanarak, alevli nefesi ile asmalar\u0131 kurutur. Nuh Peygamber \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcnden yataklara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, efsane bu ya, \u015feytan insafa gelip, bu meyveyi yeniden canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ne yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. E\u011fer meyvenin k\u00f6k\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve hayvanlardan yedi tanesinin kan\u0131 ile sulan\u0131rsa, asma canlanacakt\u0131r. Aslan, kaplan, k\u00f6pek, ay\u0131, horoz, saksa\u011fan ve tilkiden olu\u015fan kurbanlar se\u00e7ilip, \u00fcz\u00fcm, kanlar\u0131 ile sulan\u0131r ve bir y\u0131l sonra bitki tekrar canlan\u0131r; yaprak ve meyve vermeye ba\u00balar.
\u015earapla sarho\u015f olan kimsenin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde, bu yedi hayvan\u0131n karakterini ta\u015f\u0131yan haller g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kah aslan gibi cesur, kah kaplan gibi y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131, ay\u0131 gibi kuvvetli, k\u00f6pek kadar kavgac\u0131, horoz gibi g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcc\u00fc, tilki gibi kurnaz, saksa\u011fan gibi geveze olurlar.
\u0130ran efsaneleri ise \u00fcz\u00fcm ve \u015farab\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesini ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde anlat\u0131r: \u015earab\u0131n ilk defa Pi\u015fdadiyan S\u00fclalesinin \u00fcnl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Cem\u015fit zaman\u0131nda \u00fcretildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. Cem\u015fit bol bol asma diktirerek, meyvelerinin halka da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emreder. Mahsul \u00e7ok bol olunca, k\u0131sa saklamak \u00fczere kaplarda muhafaza edilen \u00fcz\u00fcmler, de\u011fi\u015fik bir lezzet al\u0131r; \u00fcstelik \u015f\u0131ras\u0131 da ac\u0131mtrakt\u0131r. Bu suyu zehirli san\u0131p i\u00e7mezler. Rivayete g\u00f6re, Cem\u015fitin en g\u00fczel ve g\u00f6zde cariyesi \u015fiddetli ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 can\u0131ndan bezmi\u015ftir. \u00d6l\u00fcp kurtulmak i\u00e7in bu kaplardaki zehirli sudan i\u00e7ip, hayat\u0131na son vermek ister. Fakat i\u00e7ti\u011fi zehir, onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fine diriltir, \u00fcstelik ne\u015fe i\u00e7inde derin bir uykuya dalar. Uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, v\u00fccudu ve ruhu dinlenmi\u015ftir. Durumu Cem\u015fite anlat\u0131r ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdarla sevgilisi \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu Ab-\u0131 Hayattan (Hayat Suyu) i\u00e7ip, ne\u015feli ve mutlu ya\u015farlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015earab\u0131n Ger\u00e7ek Tarihi<\/strong> \u015earab\u0131n Be\u015fi\u011fi Anadolu<\/strong> Hititlerin ard\u0131ndan Anadolu, \u00e7e\u015fitli uygarl\u0131klara yurt olmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan Frigya ve Pers uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 ile Helenistik d\u00f6nem boyunca ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6nemini korumustur. Ankaran\u0131n tarihi isimlerinden Ancyra eski Yunancada koruk, Eng\u00fcr\u00fc ise Fars\u00e7ada \u00fcz\u00fcm anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anadolu, T\u00fcrklerin yurdu olduktan sonra da (M.S. 11. y\u00fczy\u0131l), bu topraklarda ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015fmesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkler di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n aksine, egemenlikleri alt\u0131ndaki H\u0131ristiyan gruplar\u0131n \u015farapl\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fini engellemedikleri gibi, Avrupa i\u00e7in \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ve yeni olan sofral\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde, Balkanlardan \u0130talya, Fransa ve \u0130spanyaya kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 s\u00fcslemelerinde asma yapra\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcz\u00fcm salk\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrler olarak yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Anadolunun do\u011fusundaki yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, Mezapotamya \u00fczerinden Nil deltas\u0131na do\u011fru olmu\u015ftur. Eski M\u0131s\u0131rda D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve Alt\u0131nc\u0131 S\u00fclale (M.\u00d6. 2440 ve M.\u00d6. 1400) zaman\u0131nda, ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren mozaikler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Babil Kral\u0131 Hammurabinin M.\u00d6. 1700 y\u0131l\u0131na ait \u00fcnl\u00fc kanunlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u015farap ticareti ve t\u00fcketimini d\u00fczenleyen maddeler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Daha do\u011fuda \u00c7inde, Anadoludan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen bitkisel materyallerle, Han S\u00fclalesi d\u00f6neminde (M.\u00d6. 2000) ba\u015flayan ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, daha sonra \u0130mparator taraf\u0131ndan yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Anadolunun bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Anadoludan Girit ve Ege adalar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek Minos uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (M.\u00d6. 2200-1400) kurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden Hititlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u011f ve zeytin yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde ileri olduklar\u0131 kabul edilen Minos Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Giritte ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k, daha sonra Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Trakyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Deniz ticaretinin \u00f6nde gelen toplumlar\u0131 olan Yunanl\u0131lar ve \u00f6zellikle Finikeliler, ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Akdenizin bat\u0131s\u0131na (Kuzeybat\u0131 Afrika, Sicilya, G\u00fcney \u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Fransa) ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fransada ilk ba\u011flar M.\u00d6. 500 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, G\u00fcney Fransaya yerle\u015fen Yunanl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler tarafindan kurulmu\u015fsa da, bu \u00fclkede ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde Romal\u0131lar daha etkili olmu\u015ftur (M.\u00d6. I. Y\u00fczy\u0131l). Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun geni\u015flemesiyle birlikte ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k Almanyan\u0131n Ren Vadisine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde, \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 \u015farap ticareti Romal\u0131lar\u0131n hakimiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile birlikte, \u015farap ticaretinde \u00f6nemli bir gerileme ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fsa da, bu d\u00f6nemde b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupada h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmakta olan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisi ile \u015farap ticaretinin yeniden geli\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Orta \u00e7a\u011fda ( M.S. 500-1000) ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n manast\u0131rlar\u0131n himayesinde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 16. ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda, Avrupada 30 Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Ren Vadisindeki ba\u011flara, 1709 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck don olay\u0131n\u0131n ise Fransa ve Almanyan\u0131n kuzeyindeki ba\u011flara b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar vermesine ve 1868de ilk olarak Fransada h\u0131zla yay\u0131lan filokseraya ra\u011fmen ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k, Avrupadaki \u00f6nemini ve geli\u015fimini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n dem gazetesi\/ Kas\u0131m 2001<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nuh Peygamber, tufandan sonra hayvanlar\u0131 ile A\u011fr\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 eteklerinde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flar. Kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmak \u00fczere civarda dola\u015fan hayvanlardan ke\u00e7inin bir g\u00fcn ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ne\u015feli d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1890,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"novablocks_hero_scroll_indicator":false,"novablocks_hero_position_indicators":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1889"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1889"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1889\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1891,"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1889\/revisions\/1891"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kavin.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
8000 y\u0131l! G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fabilseler, ilk \u015faraplar\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 bu olurdu. Arkeolojik kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan eski kentlerde, y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar halinde \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7ekirdekleri bulunmu\u015f, \u00e7ekirdekler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan inceleme ve analizler bunu do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015earap, sekiz bin y\u0131ll\u0131k ser\u00fcven dolu yolculu\u011funda insano\u011flunun ufkunu a\u00e7m\u0131s, tutkular\u0131n\u0131 alevlendirmi\u015f, kimi zaman \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye bo\u011fmu\u015f, kimi zaman da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 felaketlerin re\u00e7etesi olmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden antik d\u00fcnya, \u015faraba, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gereken di\u011fer besinlerden daha fazla \u00f6nem vermi\u00batir.
Dinsel bir tema olarak alg\u0131lanan \u015farap, her toplumda bir de \u015farap tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n var olmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar tanr\u0131lar\u0131na Osiris, Yunanlar Dionysos, Romal\u0131lar ise Bacchus ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir. Tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerin kutsal kitaplar\u0131ndan Tevrat ve \u0130ncilin b\u00fcy\u00fck tufan\u0131 anlatan b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde asma ve \u015faraptan s\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6z edilmektedir.
H\u0131ristiyanlar, \u015farab\u0131 \u0130san\u0131n kan\u0131, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n l\u00fctfu olarak kabul etmi\u015flerdir. B\u00fcy\u00fck tufandan sonraki olaylarla ba\u015flayan \u0130ncilde, Nuh Peygamberin k\u00fclt\u00fcre ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitkiler aras\u0131nda asman\u0131n \u00f6neminden bahsedilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n belgelere dayal\u0131 tarihi Anadolu Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 ile i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir. M.\u00d6. 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kaflkaslar \u00fczerinden Anadoluya gelerek 600 y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uygarl\u0131k yaratan Hititler i\u00e7in, bu\u011fday ve arpa yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ile birlikte ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nemini anlatan \u00e7ok say\u0131da arkeolojik buluntu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ankarada Anadolu Medeniyetleri M\u00fczesinde bu d\u00f6neme ait alt\u0131n i\u00e7ki kaplar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, \u00e7e\u015fitli hayvan fig\u00fcrlerinden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f toprak ve seramik i\u00e7ki kaplar\u0131 \u00e7ok de\u011ferli \u00f6rneklerdir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu d\u00f6neme ait kaya resimleri ve heykellerde \u00fcz\u00fcm ve \u015faraba ait fig\u00fcrlerin yer almas\u0131, Hitit kanunlar\u0131nda ba\u011flar\u0131n ve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere yer verilmesi, Bo\u011fazk\u00f6y metinlerinde kuru \u00fcz\u00fcmden bahsedilmesi sosyal ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan Anadolu ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131yan di\u011fer belgelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n